Youth Unemployment and Crime in Australia :: essays research papers fc

The causes and consequences of youth unemployment in Australia has been of particular concern within both government and private sectors for many years. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 10.9% of the total 15-24 age population was unemployed in September, 1995. This figure climbed to 15.3% in September, 2003. This evidence gives cause to the growing concern surrounding the increase in youth unemployment. For sizeable numbers of youth, its not going to get any easier to find work as they move into their twenties or complete education. Opinions such as those found in the Smith Family Youth Unemployment Report (2003) hypothesise that juvenile crime is directly connected to the high rates of youth unemployment in Australia. In this essay, I would firstly like to ask exactly what is known about both the rates of juvenile crime and youth unemployment in Australia, and is there a direct link between the two? The suggested connection between a soaring crime rate and yo uth unemployment influences the way in which our society is governed and developed, making it imperative that we endeavor to try and understand and/or eliminate some of these suggestions. I will begin my essay by defining what I mean by youth unemployment and juvenile crime, and explore the possible challenges upon measuring both of these things. Comparing statistics gathered from both the ABS and other government recognized reports on unemployment, and information from the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC), I will attempt to weigh up the claim that the crime rate has risen in unison with the unemployment rate. I will also assess claims made by Weatherburn (2001) that youth unemployment causes crime, sifting through the truths and fallacies. Opinions such as those found in the Smith Family Youth Unemployment Report (2003) which hypothesize that juvenile crime is directly connected to the high rates of youth unemployment in Australia cannot be neither accepted nor critiqued until there is a clear understanding of what the terms â€Å"Youth Unemployment† and â€Å"Juvenile Crime† mean in the context of this essay. In this essay youth unemployment is generally taken to include the entire 15-24 age cohort – not just 15-19 year old teenagers – who are no longer at school or university and who are without a job. I have chosen to include 20-24 year olds under the banner of â€Å"Youth†, as it gives a fairer picture of the performance of all young people in the labor market and takes into account the pattern of employment both during and after leaving school or university.

Chobani Case Study Essay

1) From the information about Chobani in the case at the start of the chapter, (a) whom did Hamdi Ulukaya identify as the target for his first cups of Greek yogurt and (b) what was his initial â€Å"4Ps† marketing strategy? a. Hamdi Ulukaya first targeted young and fit Americans with his first cup. b. Hamdi Ulukayas initial â€Å"4Ps† marketing strategy involved product, price, place, and promotion. For product, he focused on the packaging. Made the cup with bright colors so people would be attracted to it. For price, he went straight to the retailers instead of going through distributers. He decided to sell this at every conventional yogurt aisle of traditional supermarkets in America. The last â€Å"P† is promotion and at first the only advertisement they had was word of mouth. Eventually they got money and used traditional advertisement, social media, and direct communication with the customer. 2) (a) What marketing actions would you expect the companies selling Yoplait, Dannon, and PepsiCo yogurts to take in response to Chobani’s appearance and (b) how might Chobani respond? a. What I would expect from these three yogurts is for them to rethink the â€Å"4Ps†. I believe they will focus on how they are promoting their product and also how the product looks. b. I think Chobani will respond with something better in both promoting and how the product looks due to Chobani setting the new standard of the product. 3) What are (a) the advantages and (b) the disadvantages of Chobani’s Customer Loyalty Team that handles communication with customers-from phone calls and emails to Facebook and Twitter messages? a. Advantages Keeps the company updated with new product ideas The communication is faster with having this specific team b. Disadvatages Could be too slow to read and respond to every email and message 4) As Chobani seeks to build its brand, it opened a unique retail store in New York City: Chobani SoHo. Why did Chobani do this? Chobani did this to explore what type of new markets and products they could find in the U.S. They are trying to find the people that like flavors that are very unique. For example, pistachios and chocolate yogurt. 5) (a) What criteria might Chobani use when it seeks markets in new countries and (b) what three or  four countries meet these criteria? a. The Criteria Chobani might use when seeking new markets is flavor, price, and cultural differences. I believe the flavor can’t to be too crazy, it has to be somewhat a little similar to American. The price has to be affordable to the average man. What I mean about the cultural differences is similar to what I said about the flavor, it can’t be something completely different to what Americans are used to here in the U.S. b. I believe this criterion fits Canada, Ireland, and Mexico.

The Effect of Caffeine on the Heart Rate of Daphnia

Hypothesis: As the caffeine concentration rises, so does the mean heart rate of daphnia. Risk Assessment: In this experiment there are the following risks both for the human that carries out the experiment and the daphnia: ↠ The human that carries out the experiment should be cautious not to touch the lamp with wet hands since it uses electricity. ↠ Also, be careful not to spill any of the pond water on the floor. ↠ As for the daphnia, there is a chance for them to die as when they are exposed to light, they are also exposed to heat in which they aren’t used to. ↠ Moreover, when they are given caffeine of a high concentration their heart may beat so fast that will cause their death. ↠ Furthermore, there is the†¦show more content†¦|Treatment |Heart Rate per 30 seconds |Mean from each experiment in heart | | | |beats min-1 | |1st Trial |2nd Trial |3rd Trial |4th Trial | | |Pond Water |122 |164 |188 |185 |341 | |Caffeine (0.125%) |410 |440 |/ |/ |425 | |Caffeine (0.25%) |200 |204 |/ |/ |404 | |Caffeine (0.5%) |162 |/ |/ |/ |324 | | These results are better depicted by the following chart. Conclusions: The chart does not confirm what our hypothesis was: that the higher the concentration of the caffeine solution the more the beats per minute of the daphnia. This, though, might be a mistake since the caffeine solution may not have been exactly as we wanted it in each occasion, hence making the results inaccurate. Also, when trying to press the â€Å"=† button of the calculator faster, many of those additions were not calculated since the calculator can’t add as fast as we press the button. Evaluation: If I were given the opportunity to repeat the experiment these are the parts of it that I would change: ↠ I would repeat the experiment with the caffeine solution more times, so that the results I would get will be moreShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia1114 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiment was to see if caffeine had an effect on the heart rate of Daphnia (water fleas) by observing them under the microscope and recording their heart rate over a period of time in concentrations of caffeine. Caffeine, which is a stimulant drug rttused in coffee, tea, Red Bull and Pro-plus, causes increased amounts of stimulatory neurotransmitters to be released. As caffeine is a stimulant, a prediction was made that caffeine would increase the heart rate of the Daphnia. Method To conduct thisRead MoreThe Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia2723 Words   |  11 Pages Effect of Caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia Abstract In this experiment we find how caffeine can affect the heart rate of a culture Daphnia. Heart rate of a living organism’s can vary depending on the individual, age, body size, heart conditions, medication use and even temperature. This report will examine if the caffeine is good or bad for the living organism’s health and body. And discuss about where the caffeine is produced and used in daily life of human beings and on theRead MoreEffects Of The Heart Rate From Caffeine And Ethanol1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences of the heart rate from caffeine and ethanol. By understanding the topic, it can be proven that these drugs affect organisms in a certain way, such as the heart rate. The information, collected following the experiment, can be inferred in recognizing the way our body responds to chemicals when drinking coffees and colas. The experiment was conducted by inducing the species Daphnia magna to both caffeine and ethanol, while being compared to a controlled g roup. Daphnia magna are small crustaceansRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1341 Words   |  6 PagesThis report presents the physiological changes in the heart rate of a fresh water crustacean Daphnia magna when exposed to caffeine and alcohol. Different Daphnia magnas were placed in a depression slide containing fresh water and later exposed to solutions of caffeine and alcohol. Each Daphnia magna had different responses. These data suggest there is an increase in heart rate when a Daphnia magna is exposed to caffeine and a decrease in heart rate when it is in a solution of alcohol. LAB REPORTRead MoreEffect Of A Substance On Daphnia1285 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted by a number of individuals to see how the effects of a substance would have an effect on a Daphnia. The Daphnia’s were placed in multiple different substances environment to see the effect it would have on their heart rates. When doing the experiment the first step was to take the Daphnia and put it a Water solution to observe the heart rate of the Daphnia and record the heart rate. Recording of the heart rate were taken for when the Daphnia were in the Water solution that way they could compareRead MoreHow Does Caffeine And Nicotine Affect Daphnia Magna?863 Words   |  4 PagesHow Does Caffeine and Nicotine Affect Daphnia magna Introduction: The experiment conducted primarily focused on the heart of the Daphnia magna and how it is affected by caffeine and nicotine. The organism is transparent this key feature is ideal for a model organism. During the experiment a total number of four organisms were treated with caffeine and nicotine. Caffeine is a stimulant of the nervous system. (Caffeine. 2015) Caffeine is present in highly consumed products such as coffee, tea, chocolateRead MoreThe Effect of Caffiene on Heart Rate1658 Words   |  7 PagesTITLE: Effect of the caffeine on the heart rate OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the caffeine on the heart rate of living organisms. INTRODUCTION: * Daphnia Daphnia  are small,  planktonic  crustaceans, between 0.2 and 5  mm in length.  Daphnia  are members of the  order  Cladocera, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called  water fleas  because of their  saltatory  swimming style (although  fleas  are  insects  and thus only very distantly related). TheyRead MoreDaphnia Experiment Report1504 Words   |  7 PagesDaphnia Experiment Report 1. Introduction Caffeine is found in many plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide. It is found most commonly in cocoa, tea and coffee, but is also artificially added to some soft drinks such as cola to act as a flavour enhancer. When consumed by humans, caffeine works as a stimulant causing amounts of released neurotransmitters to be increased. High use of caffeine has been related with raised blood pressure, restlessness, insomnia and anxiety which, inRead MoreDaphnia Heart Rate Experiment Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesExperiment Report for: ‘the affect of Caffeine on Daphnia’s heartbeat’ Introduction: Aim: The aim of this experiment is to understand the affect of the drug Caffeine on the rate of a Daphnia’s heartbeat. This is to understand the affect of caffeine on a human’s heart rate and the use of daphnia keeps the experiment fair and safe. Background Research: Daphnia – Daphnia (water fleas) are grouped as crustaceans under the arthropod group of Kingdom Anamalia. They have an open circulatoryRead MoreThe Effect Of Various Drugs On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1222 Words   |  5 Pagesperformed to visualize the effects of various drugs on the heart rate of Daphnia magna. The four drugs tested consisted of: Lidocaine, Acetylcholine, Caffeine, and Nicotine. These drugs were designed to have an apparent effect on the average heart rate of the Daphnia. The laboratory exercise was divided into two parts and procedures: measuring the basal heart rate of Daphnia, and measuring the drug induced heart rate of Daphnia. In order to measure the basal heart rate, various Daphnia were obtained and observed The Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Effect of Caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia Abstract In this experiment we find how caffeine can affect the heart rate of a culture Daphnia. Heart rate of a living organism’s can vary depending on the individual, age, body size, heart conditions, medication use and even temperature. This report will examine if the caffeine is good or bad for the living organism’s health and body. And discuss about where the caffeine is produced and used in daily life of human beings and on the environment. Daphnia is a water flea used in this experiment because of its genomic infrastructure with wide range of phenotypic diversity. This quality of Daphnia makes them a versatile model for the experiment. Also their transparent body allows the experimenter to visually see how the heart beats and count them under the light microscope during the experiment as required. The heart rate of Daphnia is monitored under different concentration of caffeine solution and the results are shown in a table and a graph. Experiment carried out to locate the effects of caffeine on a heart rate of Daphnia may or may not be a predictor of change in human heart rate under caffeine. The effects of caffeine can also be tested on humans but those experiment involving humans contains high risk, as Daphnia can only live for a short period of time and in nature most of them get eaten within their first few days or weeks of life. Introduction Caffeine is a product, which is naturally produced byShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia1114 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiment was to see if caffeine had an effect on the heart rate of Daphnia (water fleas) by observing them under the microscope and recording their heart rate over a period of time in concentrations of caffeine. Caffeine, which is a stimulant drug rttused in coffee, tea, Red Bull and Pro-plus, causes increased amounts of stimulatory neurotransmitters to be released. As caffeine is a stimulant, a prediction was made that caffeine would increase the heart rate of the Daphnia. Method To conduct thisRead MoreThe Effect of Caffeine on the Heart Rate of Daphnia968 Words   |  4 PagesHypothesis: As the caffeine concentration rises, so does the mean heart rate of daphnia. Risk Assessment: In this experiment there are the following risks both for the human that carries out the experiment and the daphnia: ↠ The human that carries out the experiment should be cautious not to touch the lamp with wet hands since it uses electricity. ↠ Also, be careful not to spill any of the pond water on the floor. ↠ As for the daphnia, there is a chance for them to die as whenRead MoreEffects Of The Heart Rate From Caffeine And Ethanol1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences of the heart rate from caffeine and ethanol. By understanding the topic, it can be proven that these drugs affect organisms in a certain way, such as the heart rate. The information, collected following the experiment, can be inferred in recognizing the way our body responds to chemicals when drinking coffees and colas. The experiment was conducted by inducing the species Daphnia magna to both caffeine and ethanol, while being compared to a controlled group. Daphnia magna are small crustaceansRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1341 Words   |  6 PagesThis report presents the physiological changes in the heart rate of a fresh water crustacean Daphnia magna when exposed to caffeine and alcohol. Different Daphnia magnas were placed in a depression slide containing fresh water and late r exposed to solutions of caffeine and alcohol. Each Daphnia magna had different responses. These data suggest there is an increase in heart rate when a Daphnia magna is exposed to caffeine and a decrease in heart rate when it is in a solution of alcohol. LAB REPORTRead MoreEffect Of A Substance On Daphnia1285 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted by a number of individuals to see how the effects of a substance would have an effect on a Daphnia. The Daphnia’s were placed in multiple different substances environment to see the effect it would have on their heart rates. When doing the experiment the first step was to take the Daphnia and put it a Water solution to observe the heart rate of the Daphnia and record the heart rate. Recording of the heart rate were taken for when the Daphnia were in the Water solution that way they could compareRead MoreHow Does Caffeine And Nicotine Affect Daphnia Magna?863 Words   |  4 PagesHow Does Caffeine and Nicotine Affect Daphnia magna Introduction: The experiment conducted primarily focused on the heart of the Daphnia magna and how it is affected by caffeine and nicotine. The organism is transparent this key feature is ideal for a model organism. During the experiment a total number of four organisms were treated with caffeine and nicotine. Caffeine is a stimulant of the nervous system. (Caffeine. 2015) Caffeine is present in highly consumed products such as coffee, tea, chocolateRead MoreThe Effect of Caffiene on Heart Rate1658 Words   |  7 PagesTITLE: Effect of the caffeine on the heart rate OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the caffeine on the heart rate of living organisms. INTRODUCTION: * Daphnia Daphnia  are small,  planktonic  crustaceans, between 0.2 and 5  mm in length.  Daphnia  are members of the  order  Cladocera, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called  water fleas  because of their  saltatory  swimming style (although  fleas  are  insects  and thus only very distantly related). TheyRead MoreDaphnia Experiment Report1504 Words   |  7 PagesDaphnia Experiment Report 1. Introduction Caffeine is found in many plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide. It is found most commonly in cocoa, tea and coffee, but is also artificially added to some soft drinks such as cola to act as a flavour enhancer. When consumed by humans, caffeine works as a stimulant causing amounts of released neurotransmitters to be increased. High use of caffeine has been related with raised blood pressure, restlessness, insomnia and anxiety which, inRead MoreDaphnia Heart Rate Experiment Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesExperiment Report for: ‘the affect of Caffeine on Daphnia’s heartbeat’ Introduction: Aim: The aim of this experiment is to understand the affect of the drug Caffeine on the rate of a Daphnia’s heartbeat. This is to understand the affect of caffeine on a human’s heart rate and the use of daphnia keeps the experiment fair and safe. Background Research: Daphnia – Daphnia (water fleas) are grouped as crustaceans under the arthropod group of Kingdom Anamalia. They have an open circulatoryRead MoreThe Effect Of Various Drugs On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1222 Words   |  5 Pagesperformed to visualize the effects of various drugs on the heart rate of Daphnia magna. The four drugs tested consisted of: Lidocaine, Acetylcholine, Caffeine, and Nicotine. These drugs were designed to have an apparent effect on the average heart rate of the Daphnia. The laboratory exercise was divided into two parts and procedures: measuring the basal heart rate of Daphnia, and measuring the drug induced heart rate of Daphnia. In order to measure the basal heart rate, various Daphnia were obtained and observed The Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia The purpose of this experiment was to see if caffeine had an effect on the heart rate of Daphnia (water fleas) by observing them under the microscope and recording their heart rate over a period of time in concentrations of caffeine. Caffeine, which is a stimulant drug rttused in coffee, tea, Red Bull and Pro-plus, causes increased amounts of stimulatory neurotransmitters to be released. As caffeine is a stimulant, a prediction was made that caffeine would increase the heart rate of the Daphnia. Method To conduct this study a culture of living Daphnia were collected from a nearby natural water source area. A light microscope was set up with the light on a low setting; one large Daphnia was selected and placed in the centre of a cavity slide by using a pipette. The Daphnia and the cavity in the slide was surrounded by a ring of cotton wool, this restricted the movement of the Daphnia making it easier to count its heart rate under the microscope. No cover slip was used as it would have damaged the water flea and stopped its oxygen supply. Before placing the slide under the microscope, a tissue was used to remove the pond water around the Daphnia and with a pipette plain water was added to the cavity slide. As soon as the water was added a timer was set for two minutes and the slide was placed under the microscope. Steadily adjusting the controls on the microscope the Daphnia was made visible and the heart was located through its translucent body. As soon as the twoShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Caffeine on the Heart Rate of Daphnia968 Words   |  4 PagesHypothesis: As the caffeine concentration rises, so does the mean heart rate of daphnia. Risk Assessment: In this experiment there are the following risks both for the human that carries out the experiment and the daphnia: ↠ The human that carries out the experiment should be cautious not to touch the lamp with wet hands since it uses electricity. ↠ Also, be careful not to spill any of the pond water on the floor. ↠ As for the daphnia, there is a chance for them to die as whenRead MoreThe Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia2723 Words   |  11 Pages Effect of Caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia Abstract In this experiment we find how caffeine can affect the heart rate of a culture Daphnia. Heart rate of a living organism’s can vary depending on the individual, age, body size, heart conditions, medication use and even temperature. This report will examine if the caffeine is good or bad for the living organism’s health and body. And discuss about where the caffeine is produced and used in daily life of human beings and on theRead MoreEffects Of The Heart Rate From Caffeine And Ethanol1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences of the heart rate from caffeine and ethanol. By understanding the topic, it can be proven that these drugs affect organisms in a certain way, such as the heart rate. The information, collected following the experiment, can be inferred in recognizing the way our body responds to chemicals when drinking coffees and colas. The experiment was conducted by inducing the species Daphnia magna to both caffeine and ethanol, while being compared to a controlled g roup. Daphnia magna are small crustaceansRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1341 Words   |  6 PagesThis report presents the physiological changes in the heart rate of a fresh water crustacean Daphnia magna when exposed to caffeine and alcohol. Different Daphnia magnas were placed in a depression slide containing fresh water and later exposed to solutions of caffeine and alcohol. Each Daphnia magna had different responses. These data suggest there is an increase in heart rate when a Daphnia magna is exposed to caffeine and a decrease in heart rate when it is in a solution of alcohol. LAB REPORTRead MoreEffect Of A Substance On Daphnia1285 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted by a number of individuals to see how the effects of a substance would have an effect on a Daphnia. The Daphnia’s were placed in multiple different substances environment to see the effect it would have on their heart rates. When doing the experiment the first step was to take the Daphnia and put it a Water solution to observe the heart rate of the Daphnia and record the heart rate. Recording of the heart rate were taken for when the Daphnia were in the Water solution that way they could compareRead MoreHow Does Caffeine And Nicotine Affect Daphnia Magna?863 Words   |  4 PagesHow Does Caffeine and Nicotine Affect Daphnia magna Introduction: The experiment conducted primarily focused on the heart of the Daphnia magna and how it is affected by caffeine and nicotine. The organism is transparent this key feature is ideal for a model organism. During the experiment a total number of four organisms were treated with caffeine and nicotine. Caffeine is a stimulant of the nervous system. (Caffeine. 2015) Caffeine is present in highly consumed products such as coffee, tea, chocolateRead MoreThe Effect of Caffiene on Heart Rate1658 Words   |  7 PagesTITLE: Effect of the caffeine on the heart rate OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the caffeine on the heart rate of living organisms. INTRODUCTION: * Daphnia Daphnia  are small,  planktonic  crustaceans, between 0.2 and 5  mm in length.  Daphnia  are members of the  order  Cladocera, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called  water fleas  because of their  saltatory  swimming style (although  fleas  are  insects  and thus only very distantly related). TheyRead MoreDaphnia Experiment Report1504 Words   |  7 PagesDaphnia Experiment Report 1. Introduction Caffeine is found in many plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide. It is found most commonly in cocoa, tea and coffee, but is also artificially added to some soft drinks such as cola to act as a flavour enhancer. When consumed by humans, caffeine works as a stimulant causing amounts of released neurotransmitters to be increased. High use of caffeine has been related with raised blood pressure, restlessness, insomnia and anxiety which, inRead MoreDaphnia Heart Rate Experiment Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesExperiment Report for: ‘the affect of Caffeine on Daphnia’s heartbeat’ Introduction: Aim: The aim of this experiment is to understand the affect of the drug Caffeine on the rate of a Daphnia’s heartbeat. This is to understand the affect of caffeine on a human’s heart rate and the use of daphnia keeps the experiment fair and safe. Background Research: Daphnia – Daphnia (water fleas) are grouped as crustaceans under the arthropod group of Kingdom Anamalia. They have an open circulatoryRead MoreThe Effect Of Various Drugs On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1222 Words   |  5 Pagesperformed to visualize the effects of various drugs on the heart rate of Daphnia magna. The four drugs tested consisted of: Lidocaine, Acetylcholine, Caffeine, and Nicotine. These drugs were designed to have an apparent effect on the average heart rate of the Daphnia. The laboratory exercise was divided into two parts and procedures: measuring the basal heart rate of Daphnia, and measuring the drug induced heart rate of Daphnia. In order to measure the basal heart rate, various Daphnia were obtained and observed